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情态动词复习教案
情态动词复习教案 高考考点: 1. 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等, 2. 情态动词表推测 所需课时:三课时 内容讲解: 一、情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等, 1. can (could) 1) 表示能力,could主要指过去时间。例如: ① Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 ② Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗? 2) 表示允许。例如: ① Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗? ② He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 3) 表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如: ① Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢? ② How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心? 4) 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。例如: ① Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?. ② I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2.may (might) 1) 表允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。例如: ① You may take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么。 ② May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗? 2)在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t. / You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。 3 must 表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。例如: ① We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 ② --Must we hand in our exercise books now?我们现在就要交练习本吗? --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不必。 3.shall 1) 表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。例如: ① Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗? ② Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗? 2) 表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 例如: ① You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令) ② You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺) ③ He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告) ④ Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心) 4.will 1) 表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。例如: ① I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 ② None is so blind as those who won’t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。 ③ If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书,我会把它借给你。 2) 表请求,用于疑问句。例如: ① Will you close the window? 请你把窗户关上好吗? ② Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗? 3) 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。例如: ① Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 ② The door won’t open. 这门打不开。 5. should 1) 表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。例如: ① You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 ② You shouldn’t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 2)(表示不确定)万一。例如: ① If I should see him, Ill tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。 ② If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed. 万一明天下雨,比赛就延期举行。 6. would 1) 表意愿。例如:: ① They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。 ② I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2) 表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。例如: ① Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗? ② They wouldn’t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3) 表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。例如:: Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。 7.ought to 表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。例如: ① You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲,应当管他。 ② You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 8. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。例如:i ① There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房,现在拆了。 ② I usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。j }F ③ Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗? 9.特殊情态动词need和dare的用法: need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。 1) 用作情态动词。例如:| ① You needn’t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 ② I don’t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。 ③ She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 ④ How dare you say I’m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平?_ 2) 用作实义动词。例如: ① You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 ② We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 ③ The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 ④ We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 ⑤ He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 ⑥ I dare say he’ll come again. 我想他会再来的。 【注意】(I dare say…为固定习语) 二、 情态动词表推测 常用表推测情态动词的用法: 1.can 表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。例如:~,>_K ① He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 ② You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。 2.may 表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。 例如: ① He may be at home. 他可能在家。\ ② She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 3. must 表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。 例如: ① He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 ② She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链,一定很有钱。: 4. should 表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。例如: ① The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。 ② They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 5. ought to 表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱。例如: ① Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 ② There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。 6. could可能性不大,语气较弱。 7 might 可能性最小,语气最弱。 备注: 表示可能性大小的顺序为: must > will > would > ought to > should > can > could> may> might 结构: 1情态动词+ 动词原形 (对现在和将来的动作进行推测) He must understand that we mean business. 2情态动词+ be +doing (对正在发生的动作进行推测) ----Where is LiLei ? ---- He may be studying at school. 3.情态动词+ have +done ( 对过去的动作进行推测) must have done 一定干了某事 could have done 可能干了某是或本可以干了某事 may/might have done 也许已经干了某事 should/ ought to have done 本应该做了某事可是没有做 need not have done 本不必干了某事 had better have done 最好干了某事 would rather have done 宁愿干了某事 would like / love have done 本想干了某事其实未干 Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 备注: 情态动词 + have +done 反义问句的结构由有无时间状语来决定。 Lucy must have worked last night, didn’t she? Lucy must have worked , hasn’t she? 4.情态动词+ have been + v-ing形式 (表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行) They should have been meeting to discuss the problem. 三、情态动词其它用法 1. cannot but do sth. 表示不得不,只好 I cannot but choose to go. 2. may well +动词原形 完全能, 很可能 He may well be proud of his son. 3. may as well 最好…… We may as well stay where we are. 4 cannot ( 或neve【情态动词复习教案】上海花千坊相关的文章:
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