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动词的时态和语态专题复习
不及物动词不能用于被动语态
如appear,rise,die,happen,belong to,break out,take place等。
Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (正)
我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
表示状态的动词不用于被动语态
如lack,fit,mean,hold,have,cost,contain,become,last,possess,consist of,look like等。
The book costs 10 yuan.这本书花了10元钱。
What’s become of her?她怎么了?
主动形式表被动的几种情况
(1)某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义,如look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等。
The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。
The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。
(2)在主语是物的句子里,有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这些词后常有副词修饰。常用的这类动词有
sell,read,write,wear,wash,open,clean,cook,keep,cut,fill,blow,measure,lock,run,record,begin,shut等。
This type of recorder sells well.
这种型号的录音机销路很好。
H e doesn’t photograph well.他不太上相。
This kind of shirt cleans easily.这种衬衫容易洗干净。
(3)动名词主动形式表示被动意义
通常是事物(也可以是人)作want,need, require,deserve等动词的主语时,表示事物(或人)客观上“需要……”,用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的,后面还应有相应的介词。
The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。
这种用法还可把动名词改为动词不定式的被动形式来表被动。
The children need to be looked after.
(4)在作表语的某些形容词(easy,difficult,light,heavy,fit,good,safe,comfortable,dangerous,pleasant等)后作状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
She is easy to approach.她平易近人。
The rock is hard to break.这块岩石很难打碎。
不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略
在主动语态中,如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词,这个动词前往往不用to,但在被动语态中要带to。
I saw her pass by the window.我看见她从窗边经过。
She was seen to pass by the window.她被看见从窗边经过。
get (got)+过去分词也可构成被动语态
get常同marry,beat,break,damage,tear,strike,hurt,paint,invite,repair,dress等动词的过去分词连用,构成被动语态。
John and Jane got married last month.
上个月,约翰和简结婚了。
They got caught in the storm.他们碰上暴风雨了。
1. Daniel’s family________their holiday in Huangsh an this time next week.
A.are enjoying B.are to enjoy
C.will enjoy D.will be enjoying
【解析】句意为:丹尼尔一家人下个星期的这个时候肯定正在黄山度假。根据this time next week判断,选用将来进行时will be doing。
【答案】 D
2. My parents have promised to come to see me before I________for Africa.
A.have left B.leave
C.left D.will leave
【解析】句意为:我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。不定式to come to see me表示的是将来动作,before引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时。
【答案】 B
3.During the period of recent terrorist activities,people________not to touch any unattended bag.
A.had always been warned
B.were always being warned
C.are always warning
D.always warned
【解析】句意为:在最近恐怖活动期间,人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。be always doing sth.总是做某事,表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告”,要用被动语态。
【答案】 B
4.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1997.
A.is B.are
C.has been D.have been
【解析】句意为:在中国上大学的外国留学生的数量自1997年以来稳步上升。“the number of+n.”作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式;由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。
【答案】 C
5. —Ann is in hospital.
—Oh,really?I________know.I________go and visit her.
A.didn’t;am going to B.don’t;would
C.don’t;will D.didn’t;will
【解析】句意为:——Ann在住院。——哦,真的吗?我还不知道呢。我要去看望她。这里讲的I didn’t know指的是在对方还没告知Ann在住院这件事之前,我不知道,所以用一般过去时;第二个空用will指的是事先未经计划或安排的“意愿,打算”。
【答案】 D
6. —Hi,Torry,can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry.________.
A.It’s repaired
B.It has been repaired
C.It’s being repaired
D.It had been repaired
【解析】句意为:——嗨,Torry,今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗?——真抱歉,电脑正在修理。该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修,需用现在进行时的被动语态。
【答案】 C
7.—What do you think of the movie?
—It’s fantastic.The only pity is that I________the beginning of it.
A.missed B.had missed
C.miss D.would miss
【解析】句意为:——你觉得这部电影怎么样?——太棒了。唯一可惜的是,我错过了开头部分。错过开头部分对于现在而言是发生在过去的事情,故选A。
【答案】 A
8. His sister left home in 1998,and________since.
A.had not been heard of
B.has not been heard of
C.had not heard of
D.has not heard of
【解析】句意为:他妹妹在1998年离开家,从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意,指的是过去离开以后,到现在一直没音讯,故用现在完成时;hear of与his sister在本句中为被动关系,故用被动语态,所以选B。
【答案】 B
9. According to the literary review,Shakespeare________his characters live through their language in his plays.
A.will make B.had made
C.was making D.makes
【解析】句意为:这篇文学评论说,莎士比亚使他剧中的人物通过语言鲜活起来。本句考查时态,当介绍一种理论时,常用一般现在时。
【答案】 D
10.Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair_______ _all day.Could you speak to her now?
A.phones B.has phoned
C.has been pho ning D.phoned
【解析】句意为:打扰了,Marcia,一名Vanity Fair的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以接她的电话吗?根据句意和时间状语all day可知,此句需用现在完成进行时表示说话人的一种情感,如:不满,抱怨,责备等。注意,现在完成时表示到目前为止动作可能已经结束,侧重对现在产生的影响或结果。
【答案】 C
11.—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?
—Terry?Never!She________tents and fresh air!
A.has hated B.hated
C.will hate D.hates
【解析】结合题意可知此处应用一般现在时表示她的习惯,她讨厌帐篷和新鲜的空气。
【答案】 D
12.—Got your driving license?
—No.I________too busy to have enough practice,so I didn’t take the driving test last week.
A.was B.am
C.have been D.had been
【解析】考查时态。根据句中so I didn’t take the driving test last week可知说话人过去一直很忙而没有进行足够的练习,以至于没有参加上周的驾照考试。发生在过去的动作“take”之前,因此应该用过去完成时。
【答案】 D
13.(20xx届成都玉林中学月考)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he________from the university next year.
A.will graduate B.will have graduated
C.graduates D.is to graduate
【解析】考查时态。by the time引导的是时间状语从句,而本句的主句是将来时,所以从句用一般现在时表示将来。
【答案】 C
14.I________in London for many years,but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A.lived B.have lived
C.had lived D.was living
【解析】 “我在伦敦生活了很多年”只是对过去的一般叙述,过去的动作并没有对现在造成影响,故用一般过去时。
【答案】 A
15.—What’s your opinion about my suggestion?
—Sorry,I________.Would you please say it again?
A.hadn’t listened B.wouldn’t listen
C.wasn’t listening D.didn’t listen
【解析】考查时态。从本题的语境来看,说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议,因此,使用过去进行时,表示“听”的动作刚才没有在发生。
【答案】 C
16.Although many measures________,the world’s economy is still going down.
A.were taken B.have been taken
C.will be taken D.are taken
【解析】考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响,所以用现在完成时;take与measures之间构成动宾关系,所以要用被动语态。
【答案】 B
17. Since the beginning of the vacation,I__ ____across the country,and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains.
A.had traveled B.will travel
C.have been traveling D.was traveling
【解析】考查动词的时态。该题的时间状语为since+过去的时间点,结合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains”可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时,表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,并可能持续下去。
【答案】 C
18.Right now the government is trying to control the number of people who________by H1N1 flu.
A.have been affected B.have affected
C.are affected D.affect
【解析】考查动词的时态语态。句意为:政府正在试图控制感染H1N1流感的人的数量。人们被感染流感,用sb.be affected by sth.结构,这里说的是现在的一般情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
【答案】 C
19.(20xx年长春第一次调研)—I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.
—Impossible.She________the Internet with me i n my home then.
A.surfed B.had surfed
C.would surf D.was surfing
【解析】考查时态。根据对话内容可知,昨天晚上九点时Lucy正在和我一起上网,因此用过去进行时。
【答案】 D
20.(20xx年上海春招)The employees________that they should renew their contracts within a week.
A.advise B.have advised
C.are advised D.had been advised
【解析】考查动词的语态。语意:(公司)建议员工在一周内续签合同。根据语意,The employees与advise为动宾关系,所以应该用被动结构,故选C项。
【答案】 C
21.(20xx届抚顺一中第一次同步考试)With the help of high technologh,more and more new substances________in the past years.
A.discovered
B.have discovered
C.had been discovered
D.have been discovered
【解析】考查时态和语态。由句中的时间状语in the past years可知,这里应用现在完成时;句子的主语new substances与discover之间为动宾关系,故选D项。
【答案】 D
22.(20xx届成都联考)—Look!Everything here is under construction.
—What’s the pretty small house that________for?
A.is being built B.has been built
C.is built D.is building
【解析】考查时态和语态。语意表明从句中用现在进行时,名词house是动词build的承受者,所以谓语用现在进行时的被动语态。第二句语意为:正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是用来做什么的?
【答案】 A
23.(20xx届江西高安中学月考)—Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai?
—Yes,I tried to find my way to the airport but________.
A.has been lost B.get lost
C.lost D.got lost
【解析】前面的问句以及tried暗示时态应为一般过去时,因此选got lost。
【答案】 D
24.(20xx届皖南八校联考)We’ve been told the good news,but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation________yet.
A.are not discussed
B.have not been discussed
C.is not being discussed
D.has not been discussed
【解析】后一分句的主语为when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation,表示的是一件事,谓语动词用单数形式,由此排除A、B两项。根据句末的yet可知应该用完成时,即这件事还没有被讨论。
【答案】 D
25.(20xx年西安质量检测)We haven’t moved into the new office building—it________right now.
A.is decorating B.has been decorated
C.is being decorated D.has been decorating
【解析】考查动词时态、语态。根据题干中前面一句话的时态及后一句话中的时间状语right now可知,应用现在进行时;又依据语意可知,房子正在(被)装修,因此选C。
【答案】 C
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