考研英语(一)真题及答案

时间：2024-12-06 11:04:28 小英学人智库我要投稿

考研英语(一)真题及答案（完整版）

　　在现实的学习、工作中，我们经常接触到考试真题，借助考试真题可以检测考试者对某方面知识或技能的掌握程度。你所了解的考试真题是什么样的呢？下面是小编为大家整理的考研英语(一)真题及答案（完整版），希望能够帮助到大家。

考研英语(一)真题及答案（完整版）

　　考研英语(一)真题及答案 1

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraph C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

　　A.These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people.Learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them.If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect,and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to“win”an argument.

　　B.Of course,many discussions are not so successful.Still,we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly.We need to learn how to evaluate them properly.A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments,but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves.Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.

　　C.None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to.Next time you state your position,formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand,ask them to give you a reason for their view.Spell out their argument fully and charitably.Assess its strength impartially.Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.

　　D.Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights,which is how we often think of them.Like physical fights,verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied.Even when you win,you end up no better off.Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions-like,say,tennis games.Paris of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered.Everybody else loses.This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments,especially about politics and religion.

　　E.In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People,Dale Carnegie wrote:“there is only one way…to get the

　　best of an argument-and that is to avoid it.“This aversion to arguments is common,but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives-and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

　　F.These views of arguments also undermine reason.If you see a conversation as a fight or competition,you can win by cheating as long as you don’t get caught.You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments.You can call their views stupid,or joke about how ignorant they are.None of these tricks will help you understand them,their positions or the issues that divide you,but they can help you win-in one way.

　　G.There is a better way to win arguments.Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state,and I do not.If you yell,“yes,”and I yell.“No,”neither of us learns anything.We neither understand nor respect each other,and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation.In contrast,suppose you give a reasonable argument:that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty.Then I counter with another reasonable argument:that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time.Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values,since we both care about needy workers.

　　41→42→F→43→44→C→45

　　41-45参考答案及解析：

　　E D G B A

　　41.E[In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People,Dale Carnegie wrote:“there is only one way…to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it.]

　　段落排序解题若首段未给出，首先需要大家通读全部选项首句话，本句首句话中的句间衔接关系排除选首段。本篇文章中，A选项第一句话中含有指代关系词these故根据该词确定本选项直接排除，B选项有of cause衔接上下文的词出现，D选项可以作为首段的可能选项，E选项也可以作为首段的可能选项，G选项首句中含有better way比较级，故本题的答案应在D或E选项中得出，根据D选项人物Carnegie和E选项人物Dale Carnegie的名称特点，可以得知首次出现应为全名形式，故本题的答案应为E选项。

　　42.D[Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights,which is how we often think of them.]

　　首段为Carnegie的观点信息，故下段复现应为该人物的观点承接，故通过扫读剩下的选项可知该题只有D选项可以承接。

　　43.G[There is a better way to win arguments.]

　　该题上一段最后一句话为“None of these tricks will help you understand them,their positions or the issues that divide you,but they can help you win--in one way.”可知these tricks是对上文信息的否定，下文应该复现win arguments的肯定的表述，根据选项分析可知G选项首句There is a better way to win arguments.正好与F选项尾句形成首尾衔接。

　　44.B[Of course,many discussions are not so successful.Still,we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly.]

　　该题上段为G段，尾句讲述的是Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values,since we both care about needy workers.而根据衔接可确定G段讲述的`是成功的讨论，B选项首句not so successful正衔接上文，转折讲述不成功的案例。

　　45.A[These tools can help you win every argument--not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people.]

　　上段C选项中Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand,ask them to give you a reason for their view.Spell out their argument fully and charitably.Assess its strength impartially.Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.最后这几句话主要讲的是有关于谈话的四种手段，正好与A选项首句中的These tools形成呼应关系，故本题答案应为A选项。

　　考研英语(一)真题及答案

　　Text 2

　　Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish

　　their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.

　　With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.

　　The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.

　　The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.

　　In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.

　　Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around￡500 to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these’’article preparation costs’’had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.

　　26、Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money"partly because________

　　[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.

its marketing strategy has been successful.

　　[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.

　　[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.

　　27、According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have________

　　[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.

gone through an existential crisis.

　　[C]revived the publishing industry.

　　[D]financed researchers generously.

　　28、How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?

　　[A]Relieved.

Puzzled.

　　[C]Concerned

　　[D]Encouraged.

　　29、It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms________

　　[A]allow publishers some room to make money.

render publishing much easier for scientists.

　　[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially.

　　[D]free universities from financial burdens.

　　30、Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?

　　[A]Trial subscription is offered.

Labour triumphs over status.

　　[C]Costs are well controlled.

　　D]The few feed on the many.

　　答案：

　　26、细节题D its content acquisition cost nothing

　　根据题干中关键词a licence to print money because,定位到第一段第二句，其他科学家也免费进行同行评议的专门工作，因为它是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。正确选项D，acquisition原词，for free替换选项中的，cost nothing.

　　27、细节题A thrived mainly on universities libraries

　　根据题干关键词Elsevier定位到第三段第一句话，The Dutch giant Elsevier,....made profits of more than 490m last year.while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016,该公司去年利润超过4.9亿英镑然而仅英国大学在2016年就花费了超过2.1亿英镑。正确选项A主要依靠大学图书馆为定位句的同意表达

　　28、态度题B concerned

　　根据题干中关键词Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句，The success of Sci-Hub,....have themselves legally accessed shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants这表明法律生态系统在其用户中已经失去了合法性，必须进行改造，以便为所有参与者服务.可见作者对于Sci-Hub的成功采取否定态度，正确选项B concerned担忧，担心。A relieved宽慰的.，C puzzled困惑的属错误选项，D encouraged鼓励的，正反混淆

　　29、推断题A allow publishers some room to make money

　　根据题干关键词open access定位到第四段，最后一句...so that the publishers can make a profit before...,合理收取费用是未来出版商能够获利，A选项为同义替换。B render publishing much easier for scientists使发表对科学家来说容易得多.C reduce the cost of publication substantiality降低出版成本D.free universities from financial burdens使大学摆脱财政负担

　　30、细节题D the few feed on the many

　　根据题干关键词scientific publishing model定位到最后一段第五句，labour is provided places free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.劳动力被免费提供，以换取地位的希望，而一些经营市场的大公司则获得了巨额利润。可知少部分作者免费劳动，大部分公司盈利，A选项为同义替换。

　　考研英语(一)真题及答案3

　　Section II Reading Comprehension Part A

　　Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

　　How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual:every January the cost of travelling by train rises,imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise.This years rise,an average of 2.7 per cent,may be a fraction lower than last years,but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPI)measure of inflation.

　　Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it,rather than the general taxpayer.Why,the argument goes,should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey?Equally there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East,many of whom will face among the biggest rises,have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.

　　However,over the past12 months,those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years.It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network,but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel.The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions.However,there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.

　　The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that,even when strikes occur,services can continue to operate.This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britains railways.Yes,more investment is needed,but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped,unreliable services,punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed,or planned maintenance is managed incompetently.The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now,but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

　　21.【题干】The author holds that this years increase in rail passengers fares_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.will ease train operationsburden.

　　B.has kept pace with inflation.

　　C.is a big surprise to commuters.

　　D.remains an unreasonable measure.

　　【答案】D

　　22.【题干】The stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.car drivers

　　B.rail travellers

　　C.local investors