三分之一猪流感患者未出现发烧症状 中英文对照

　　Many Swine Flu Cases Have No Fever

　　 1/3猪流感患者未出现发烧症状

　　Many people suffering from swine influenza, even those who are severely ill, do not have fever, an odd feature of the new virus that could increase the difficulty of controlling the epidemic, said a leading American infectious-disease expert who examined cases in Mexico last week.  一名美国顶级传染疾病专家称，许多得了猪流感、甚至猪流感病情很重的人，都没有出现发烧症状。病毒的这种奇怪症状可能会增加控制疫情的难度。他上周在墨西哥检查过猪流感病例。

　　Fever is a hallmark of influenza, often rising abruptly to 104 degrees at the onset of illness. Because many infectious-disease experts consider fever the most important sign of the disease, the presence of fever is a critical part of screening patients.   发烧是流感的典型症状。在开始发病阶段，体温经常会蹿升至104华氏度。因为许多传染病专家都认为发烧是猪流感最重要的特征，因而在观察病人时确认其是否有烧就十分重要了。

　　But about a third of the patients at two hospitals in Mexico City where the American expert, Dr. Richard P. Wenzel, consulted for four days last week had no fever when screened, he said.

　　    但是在美国专家Richard P. Wenzel医生前往协助的两家医院里，他观察到三分之一的猪流感病人在观察期间没有出现发烧症状。他上周在墨西哥待了四天。

　　“It surprised me and my Mexican colleagues, because the textbooks say that in an influenza outbreak the predictive value of fever and cough is 90 percent,” Dr. Wenzel said by telephone from Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, where he is chairman of the department of internal medicine.

　　 “这让我和我的墨西哥同事们很惊讶，因为教科书告诉我们，当得了流感时，有90%的几率会出现发烧和咳嗽”，Wenzel医生在手机里说道。他现在在位于里士满的弗吉尼亚联邦大学，他是那儿的内科学院院长。

　　While many people with severe cases went on to develop fever after they were admitted, about half of the milder cases did not; nearly all patients had coughing and malaise, Dr. Wenzel said. Wenzel医生还说，许多重症患者在确诊后，随着病情加重还是会出现发烧；不过病情较轻的那一半人却不会出现发烧症状。几乎所有的患者都会出现咳嗽和不适的症状

　　Also, about 12 percent of patients at the two Mexican hospitals had severe diarrhea in addition to respiratory symptoms like coughing and breathing difficulty, said Dr. Wenzel, who is also a former president of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. He said many such patients had six bowel movements a day for three days.   。

　　    曾任国际传染病学会会长的Wenzel医生同时也说道，两家墨西哥医院的患者中有12%人除了出现诸如咳嗽、呼吸困难等呼吸道症状外，还腹泻得很厉害。许多这样的患者会连续三天，每天排便六次。

　　Dr. Wenzel said he had urged his Mexican colleagues to test the stools for the presence of the swine virus, named A(H1N1). “If the A(H1N1) virus goes from person to person and there is virus in the stool, infection control will be much more difficult,” particularly if it spreads in poor countries, he said.

　　    Wenzel医生称他已要求其墨西哥同事们检验那些患者们用过的厕所，看其中是否有猪流感——甲型H1N1流感病毒——的存在。“如果甲型H1N1流感病毒在人之间互相传染，并且厕所中也有病毒的话，那么对其传播的控制将会变得非常困难”，特别是其在贫困国家的传播，他说道。

　　The doctor said he had also urged his Mexican colleagues to perform tests to determine whether some people without symptoms still carried the virus.   他说他还要求了他的墨西哥同事去检验在那些没有临床症状的人中是否携带猪流感病毒。并且也检查了墨西哥国家疫苗项目的病人及数据。他是在主管该项目的Samuel Ponce de León医生的邀请下参与的此项目。。

　　He also said he had examined patients and data at the invitation of Dr. Samuel Ponce de León, who directs Mexico’s national vaccination program.

　　    Wenzel医生道，墨西哥疫情的不同寻常之处在于其复杂性，“在最近的几个月里，五种不同的流感病毒同时在墨西哥传播。”

　　Dr. Wenzel said that an unusual feature of the Mexican epidemic, which complicates the understanding of it, was that “in recent months five different influenza viruses have been circulating in Mexico simultaneously.”  Wenzel医生访问了墨西哥国家呼吸道疾病医院，，这家医院中患者患肺炎的人数在最近达到了120人/周，而在两年前，每周患病人数才是20人。这显示，猪流感和肺病也有某种联系。

　　Pneumonia rates at one of the hospitals Dr. Wenzel visited, the National Institute for Respiratory Diseases, reached 120 per week recently compared with 20 per week during the past two years, suggesting a possible relation to the swine flu.

　　  

　　The pneumonias that the flu patients developed did not resemble the staphylococcal lung infections that were believed to be a common complication in the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, Dr. Wenzel said.

　　患猪流感病人发展出的肺炎并不是葡萄球菌肺部感染。葡萄球菌肺部感染被认为是1918-1919年大流感的常见并发症。 

　　He said the two Mexican hospitals were well prepared for an outbreak of respiratory disease. “We have a lot to learn from the Mexican experience,” he said.他称，墨西哥医院已经为呼吸道疾病的爆发做好了准备：“我们能从墨西哥的经验上学到很多。”

　　For example, when the first cases were detected and the virus seemed particularly severe, Mexican doctors activated a program to allay anxiety among staff members.

　　    比如，当墨西哥出现第一例猪流感患者时，病毒看起来十分厉害。墨西哥的医生们马上在工作人员中激活了减压程序。

　　Hospital officials made it clear that they would care for staff members, offering them information, a hot line, psychological support and medical examinations.

　　    医院官员们很清楚地表示，他们将会照顾好工作人员，向他们提供信息、一条热线、心理咨询以及医学检查。

　　“This aspect of epidemic response is not well appreciated in the United States in my estimation, yet is critical for success,” Dr. Wenzel said. “We haven’t put nearly enough into managing fear among health workers.”

　　 “在我看来，美国对疫情反应在这一方面没有做好，但是这对战胜病魔很重要”，Wenzel医生说道：“我们在控制医务工作者的恐惧情绪方面投入得不够。”

　　Hospital officials had good measures to screen workers and arriving patients, including supplies of alcohol sponges for people to clean their hands. Healthy nonessential workers were told to go home. Hospital officials also made sure there were enough breathing machines and oxygen canisters for patients with respiratory distress.

　　    墨西哥的医院官员们对隔离观察工作人员和病人们的工作有些好方法，比如为人们提供酒精消毒液洗手。医疗辅助人员们被告知回家。墨西哥医院的官员们同样还确保医院有足够的呼吸机以及氧气管，以应对可能出现的病人呼吸道疾病爆发。

 

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